“Nuclear Physics Explained” S:1 E:12 Sea Quarks, Gluons, and the Origin of Mass

S:1 E:12 Sea Quarks, Gluons, and the Origin of Mass Discover the fundamental particles that make protons and neutrons tick – namely, quarks and gluons. Learn why quarks are never seen in isolation and why the mass of ordinary valence quarks accounts for only a tiny fraction of their mass. The answer to both riddles lies in “sea quarks,” the swarm of quark-antiquark pairs within protons and neutrons, which can be infinite in number.