Screener n17 – Holocaust The Holocaust (from the Greek (holkauston): holos, “whole” and kaustos, “burnt”), also known as The Shoah (Hebrew: ?????, Latinized ha’shoah; Yiddish: ?????, Latinized churben or hurban[1]) is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, its allies, and collaborators.